A thiol group can be used to attach an oligo to a variety of fluorescent and nonfluorescent moieties or surfaces. Oligos containing thiol modifiers are shipped in their oxidized (disulfide) form and require chemical reduction by dithiothreitol (DTT) or Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) prior to use.
Thiol Modifier C3 S-S
Structure
DithiolDithiol can be inserted into an oligonucleotide at the 5' position, the 3' position or internally. Each insertion results in 2 SH group available for coupling with ligands or surfaces (linkage to gold surfaces in one popular application). The DTPA modification can be inserted in series so that 2 or even 3 groups can be positioned adjacent to each other to increase efficiency of ligand/surface interactions. Note that serial insertions will decrease oligo yield due to lower efficiency of incorporation of the DTPA phosphoramidite.
Structure
Thiol Modifier C6 S-S
Structure
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